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 1984 Fleer Perez Rose Morgan 636 $1.25 End Date: Wednesday Jun-20-2012 13:12:54 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.25 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 pete rose joe morgan johnny bench lot x49 1981 2010 cincinnati reds hofer $2.25 (3 Bids) End Date: Sunday May-27-2012 16:06:01 PDT |
 1984 Fleer 636 Pete Rose Tony Perez Joe Morgan reunited nm mint condition $1.49 End Date: Thursday Jun-14-2012 14:09:08 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.49 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1984 Fleer Perez Rose Morgan Reds Reunited Card $1.00 End Date: Friday May-25-2012 19:06:25 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 The Big Red Machine Cincinatti Reds 6 Card SetBenchMorganConcepcion Rose $0.99 End Date: Sunday May-27-2012 15:03:21 PDT |
 1984 FLEER Superstar Special Morgan Rose Perez 636 $1.00 End Date: Thursday May-24-2012 11:00:36 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1984 FLEER PETE ROSE JOE MORGAN TONY PEREZ PHILLIES 636 $1.00 End Date: Saturday Jun-23-2012 7:38:49 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1984 Fleer Super Star Rose Perez Morgan card no636 $1.25 End Date: Friday Jun-8-2012 12:43:37 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.25 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 5 Card CT 1973 Topps Baseball Star VG VG+ Lot w Jackson Rose Robinson Yaz Morgan $0.99 (1 Bid) End Date: Wednesday May-30-2012 19:10:05 PDT |
 2008 Donruss Threads Dynasty Bench Rose Morgan $4.00 End Date: Friday Jun-1-2012 19:57:44 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 GEORGE MORGAN Room Full Of Roses 8 Track Tape $2.29 End Date: Wednesday Jun-20-2012 9:02:18 PDT Buy It Now for only: $2.29 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 The Venus Fix A Dr Morgan Snow Novel M J Rose Good Book $1.00 End Date: Wednesday Jun-13-2012 10:34:40 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Days Of Crime Roses by Kate Morgan 0425134717 $4.97 End Date: Friday Jun-8-2012 20:06:40 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.97 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 The Venus Fix A Dr Morgan Snow Novel M J Rose Good Cover has minor wear o $1.00 End Date: Sunday May-27-2012 22:26:58 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1973 Braves at Reds Ticket Stub Rose Bench Morgan Perez $4.99 End Date: Saturday Jun-23-2012 4:38:10 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 GEORGE MORGAN ROSES A PICTURE THATS NEW 45 $1.00 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 5:34:35 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 GEORGE MORGAN RED ROSES FROM THE BLUE SIDE OF TOWN YOU TURN ME ON 45 $1.00 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 5:39:45 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 M J Rose The Halo Effect Morgan Snow PB $1.79 End Date: Sunday Jun-3-2012 19:03:16 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.79 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 M J Rose The Venus Fix Morgan Snow PB $1.79 End Date: Sunday Jun-3-2012 19:03:20 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.79 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 George Morgan Room Full of Roses 1976 cassette $2.00 End Date: Wednesday May-30-2012 8:33:02 PDT Buy It Now for only: $2.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1936 THE ONE ROSE Thats Left in My Heart RUSS MORGAN $1.99 End Date: Tuesday May-29-2012 17:44:52 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 UNTIL THAT DAY by Anna Rose Morgan 1982 paperback signed $2.99 End Date: Thursday May-24-2012 18:00:18 PDT |
 GEORGE MORGAN ONE DOZEN ROSES ALL RIGHT ILL SIGN THE PAPERS 45 COLUMBIA 42882 $2.49 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 20:02:49 PDT Buy It Now for only: $2.49 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 The Color of Roses by Lorrie Morgan CD Mar 2002 2 Discs Image $2.49 End Date: Sunday May-27-2012 16:53:03 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.99 Buy It Now | Bid now | Add to watch list |
 Bench Rose Morgan 2008 Threads Dynasty 2 Reds $3.50 End Date: Saturday Jun-9-2012 12:38:02 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.50 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Rose Bench Morgan 2008 Threads Dynasty 2 Reds $3.50 End Date: Tuesday Jun-19-2012 12:47:37 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.50 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Calls to Mystic Alice by Alice Rose Morgan SCB $2.99 End Date: Saturday Jun-9-2012 14:07:04 PDT Buy It Now for only: $2.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1975 CINCINNATI REDS TEAM 8X10 PHOTO ROSE BENCH MORGAN PEREZ $5.97 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 14:39:38 PDT |
 1975 CINCINNATI REDS TEAM 8X10 PHOTO ROSE BENCH MORGAN PEREZ $5.97 End Date: Wednesday May-30-2012 18:27:51 PDT |
 Alice Rose Morgan Calls To Mystic Alice 2006 Used $1.99 End Date: Sunday Jun-17-2012 11:11:07 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Jeff Morgan Rose A Guide To The Worlds Mos 2007 U $1.99 End Date: Sunday Jun-17-2012 11:20:26 PDT Buy It Now for only: $1.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 THE DELILAH COMPLEX Book Novel MJ ROSE MJ Mystery Thriller Dr MORGAN SNOW $2.00 End Date: Saturday Jun-2-2012 9:20:46 PDT Buy It Now for only: $2.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 THE HALO EFFECT Book Novel MJ ROSE MJ Mystery Thriller Dr MORGAN SNOW $2.00 End Date: Saturday Jun-2-2012 9:22:28 PDT Buy It Now for only: $2.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Reds Big Red Machine Rose Morgan Bench Perez MLB 8x10 Action Photo $3.99 End Date: Tuesday Jun-5-2012 14:34:23 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 NWT Morgan Taylor Intimates Lace Hipster Panties Black Pink Rose Size Small $5.99 End Date: Thursday Jun-14-2012 18:26:29 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 GEORGE MORGAN ONE DOZEN ROSES ALL RIGHT 45 $2.00 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 5:34:35 PDT Buy It Now for only: $2.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 8 X 10 PHOTO BIG RED MACHINE CINCINNATI REDS PEREZ BENCH MORGAN ROSE UNSIGNED $3.00 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 8:38:46 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1978 Cincinnati Reds Oversized Schedule Bench Morgan Rose Seaver Foster $5.00 End Date: Tuesday Jun-5-2012 12:04:23 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 16 PETE ROSE 1980s Card Lot w Morgan Perez Staub Gooden NICE $3.25 End Date: Friday Jun-22-2012 11:30:15 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.25 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 84 Fleer Reds Reunited Joe Morgan Pete Rose Tony Perez $3.79 End Date: Friday Jun-15-2012 19:01:10 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.79 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 MORGAN TAYLOR RED STEM ROSES SILK SCARF $3.99 End Date: Monday May-28-2012 17:30:50 PDT |
 Sports Illustrated Perez Rose Morgan Phillies 3 14 83 $2.99 End Date: Friday Jun-8-2012 11:40:18 PDT Buy It Now for only: $2.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 DAYS OF CRIME AND ROSES Kate Morgan 1992 PB FP $3.00 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 10:51:50 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Apr 21 1978 Reds Giants Ticket Pete Rose Bench Morgan $3.99 End Date: Monday May-28-2012 6:07:08 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Classic Drum Magazine November 2005 Morgan Rose $2.97 End Date: Sunday May-27-2012 23:46:02 PDT Buy It Now for only: $2.97 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Classic Modern Drummer Magazine December 2003 Morgan Rose $2.97 End Date: Sunday May-27-2012 23:46:03 PDT Buy It Now for only: $2.97 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1948 Sheet Music FOREVER AND EVER by Rose Winkler RUSS MORGAN $3.50 End Date: Sunday Jun-10-2012 12:05:29 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.50 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1973 PIRATES v REDS STUB STARGELL BENCH ROSE MORGAN $4.99 End Date: Wednesday Jun-13-2012 22:28:09 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1973 REDS vs BRAVES STUB AARON BENCH ROSE MORGAN PEREZ $4.99 End Date: Monday Jun-18-2012 18:03:58 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 The Big Red Machine Pete Rose Johnny Bench Joe Morgan 8x10 B W Photo Reds $3.50 End Date: Thursday May-24-2012 20:20:06 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.50 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 George Morgan A Picture Thats New Roses 45 RPM $7.00 End Date: Saturday Jun-2-2012 10:27:02 PDT Buy It Now for only: $7.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Sports Illustrated 1983 Rose Perez Morgan Cover $3.75 End Date: Thursday Jun-7-2012 19:02:44 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.75 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Pete Rose Johnny Bench Joe Morgan 8x10 Color Photo The Big Red Machine Reds $3.50 End Date: Wednesday Jun-13-2012 8:39:41 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.50 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1984 FLEER 636 PEREZ ROSE MORGAN LOT OF 19 MINT B915 $5.00 End Date: Tuesday Jun-19-2012 17:18:34 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 The Big Red Machine Pete Rose Johnny Bench Joe Morgan 8x10 Color Photo Reds $3.50 End Date: Friday Jun-22-2012 17:10:09 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.50 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1947 DENNIS MORGAN film song MY WILD IRISH ROSE Mother Machree CHAUNCEY OLCOTT $3.99 End Date: Sunday Jun-3-2012 14:26:33 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Cincinnati Reds THE BIG RED MACHINE Glossy 8x10 Photo Pete Rose Joe Morgan $4.95 End Date: Saturday Jun-9-2012 12:09:06 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.95 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 MENS MORGAN HART BURGUNDY TEAL GREEN ROSES ALL SILK NECK TIE $7.45 End Date: Wednesday Jun-13-2012 19:11:26 PDT Buy It Now for only: $7.45 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1992 1993 WHITE ROSE MATCHBOX RACING SUPER STARS 21 MORGAN SHEPHERD CITGO FORD $7.49 End Date: Tuesday Jun-19-2012 5:57:06 PDT Buy It Now for only: $7.49 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1983 Sports Illustrated PETE ROSE JOE MORGAN TONY PEREZ Phillies $3.00 End Date: Thursday May-31-2012 17:22:10 PDT Buy It Now for only: $3.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 BIG RED MACHINE BENCH GRIFFEY ROSE MORGAN 8x10 REDS $4.94 End Date: Thursday Jun-21-2012 5:42:37 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.94 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 BIG RED MACHINE BENCH GRIFFEY ROSE MORGAN 8x10 REDS $4.94 End Date: Thursday Jun-21-2012 5:43:55 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.94 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Dennis Morgan MY NELLYS BLUE EYES from MY WILD IRISH ROSE Ex Cond $4.95 End Date: Saturday Jun-2-2012 10:49:35 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.95 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1976 Pirates Reds Ticket Tekulve Win Bench Rose Morgan+ $4.99 End Date: Sunday Jun-3-2012 15:47:05 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 2008 Threads Dynasty Insert D 2 Rose Bench Morgan $4.99 End Date: Monday Jun-18-2012 15:08:16 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Giver Of Roses by Kathleen Morgan 2005 Paperback $4.25 End Date: Thursday May-31-2012 15:04:32 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.25 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 REDS GREATS JOHNNY BENCH PETE ROSE JOE MORGAN 8x10 $5.05 End Date: Friday Jun-22-2012 18:30:08 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.05 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Big Red Machine Reds 8x10 Photo Perez Bench Morgan Rose $4.95 End Date: Tuesday May-29-2012 15:29:00 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.95 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 white rose 1 64 21 CITGO MORGAN SHEPHERD FORD THUNDERBIRD 1993 $4.95 End Date: Saturday Jun-16-2012 3:56:45 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.95 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 white rose 1 64 15 MOTORCRAFT MORGAN SHEPHERD FORD 91 $4.95 End Date: Saturday Jun-16-2012 4:06:10 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.95 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Big Red Machine Reds 8x10 Photo Perez Bench Morgan Rose $4.95 End Date: Monday Jun-18-2012 8:45:24 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.95 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Rose Among Thorns Elaine Morgan HighLites 15 track CD w The Cottage Demo Tapes $4.99 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 12:36:42 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 SEVENDUST DRUMMER MORGAN ROSE AUTOGRAPHED 8 X 10 PHOTO COA $4.99 End Date: Sunday May-27-2012 20:04:40 PDT |
 BIG RED MACHINE PETE ROSE BENCH MORGAN PEREZ 8X10 $4.99 End Date: Tuesday May-29-2012 16:32:31 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Rambling Rose Russ Morgan 1948 Vintage Sheet Music $7.99 End Date: Friday Jun-8-2012 16:36:39 PDT Buy It Now for only: $7.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1976 WORLD CHAMPIONS CINCINNATI REDS vs PHILLIES STUB BENCH ROSE MORGAN $5.99 End Date: Friday Jun-15-2012 22:54:56 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Morgan Taylor Animal Rose Print Thong Panties X Large $7.99 End Date: Thursday Jun-21-2012 18:28:34 PDT Buy It Now for only: $7.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Sports Illustrated Magazine 1983 Rose Perez Morgan $8.00 End Date: Wednesday May-30-2012 15:09:58 PDT Buy It Now for only: $8.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 PETE ROSE JOHHNY BENCH JOE MORGAN UNSIGNED CINCINNATI REDS 8X10 PHOTO $4.75 End Date: Saturday Jun-9-2012 4:26:17 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.75 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Johnny Bench Joe Morgan Pete Rose Reds Photo REDUCED $4.50 End Date: Thursday Jun-21-2012 12:36:21 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.50 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 RUSS MORGAN Red Roses For A Blue Lady Vinyl LP Record Album VG+ 1965 $4.35 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 11:13:22 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.35 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 LA VIE EN ROSE Oscar ad Marion Cotillard Edith Piaf BUCKET LIST Morgan Freeman $4.99 End Date: Sunday May-27-2012 13:35:46 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 GEORGE MORGAN Red Rose From the Blue Side of Town LP OOP Little Roy Wiggins 70s $4.99 End Date: Friday Jun-1-2012 10:38:37 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 My Wild Irish Rose 1947 DENNIS MORGAN Hush A Bye $4.99 End Date: Friday Jun-15-2012 10:45:24 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 My Wild Irish Rose 1947 DENNIS MORGAN Nellys Blue Eyes $4.99 End Date: Friday Jun-15-2012 10:45:26 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 JOHNNY BENCH PETE ROSE w Perez Morgan CINCINNATI REDS $5.00 End Date: Friday May-25-2012 15:16:26 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1963 Morgan Jones Sampler Rose Bedspread Ad Mom Little Girl in Bed $5.00 End Date: Thursday May-31-2012 16:30:35 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1961 Morgan Jones Rose Towels Towel Ad $5.00 End Date: Tuesday Jun-5-2012 16:22:37 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Vater Morgan Rose Alien Freak Drumsticks $8.69 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 18:33:25 PDT Buy It Now for only: $8.69 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 Vater Morgan Rose Alien Freak Drumsticks $8.69 End Date: Friday Jun-15-2012 19:21:38 PDT Buy It Now for only: $8.69 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1948 Russ Morgan Rambling Rose $5.00 End Date: Sunday Jun-10-2012 17:34:34 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.00 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 ASK THE ROSE 1919 SHEET MUSIC JACK YELLEN ABE OLMAN VAN DOORN MORGAN $6.95 End Date: Wednesday May-30-2012 19:16:15 PDT Buy It Now for only: $6.95 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 PETE ROSE JOE MORGAN JOHNNY BENCH CINCINNATI REDS PHOTO $5.95 End Date: Tuesday May-29-2012 20:29:15 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.95 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 45 RPM GEORGE MORGAN ONE DOZEN ROSES ALL RIGHT $4.99 End Date: Monday Jun-11-2012 18:06:01 PDT Buy It Now for only: $4.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 80 x 1978 1985 TOPPS BASEBALL CARD LOT ROSE STARGELL McCOVEY PEREZ MORGAN BONDS $3.99 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 20:12:54 PDT |
 80 x 1978 1985 TOPPS BASEBALL CARD LOT STARS JACKSON MORGAN ROSE BRETT HUNTER ++ $3.99 End Date: Saturday May-26-2012 20:12:55 PDT |
 1984 Fleer Baseball PEREZ ROSE MORGAN Reds 636 PSA 9 $5.99 End Date: Friday Jun-15-2012 7:12:27 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 BACK ISSUE OF DRUM MAGAZINE MORGAN ROSE NOVEMBER 2001 $5.99 End Date: Thursday Jun-21-2012 17:26:51 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.99 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
 1983 Sports Illustrated Pete Rose Tony Perez and Joe Morgan Phillies $5.50 End Date: Monday Jun-4-2012 23:05:10 PDT Buy It Now for only: $5.50 Buy It Now | Add to watch list |
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Thompson & Morgan Bedding Plants - Pansies are not Difficult to Grow from Seed
What exactly is a pansy? For too many people this is not a simple question as they are often confused with violas and violettas.
In fact it's quite simple. Pansies are derived from our native wild heartsease (Viola tricolor) and, like heartsease, are basically annuals and biennials. The other main contributor to the huge range of hybrid varieties now available is V. lutea.
The wild heartsease Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor, is a straggly plant, usually an annual or biennial although in undisturbed situations it may persist for a couple of years. It grows as a weed of cultivation and on waste ground and sometimes also in short-cropped grassland areas. It's far more common on acid and neutral soil and in limy conditions.
The flowers are variable and are usually bluish-violet but with varying degrees of yellow on the lower petal. The flowers are very rarely without at least some blue.
The other parent of the garden pansy is the mountain pansy, V. lutea, which occurs in many forms all over Europe. Some authorities maintain that the form used as a breeding parent is subsp. sudetiana which grows in the mountains of central Europe. Others say that it was the form which grows in the Pentland Hills in southern Scotland which was used.
Unlike the heartsease, V. lutea is a creeping perennial plant with noticeably larger flowers. About the only constant feature of its flowers is that the base of the lower petal is always yellow. The flower may be entirely yellow or yellow combined with blue-violet or reddish-violet or both.
This plant contributes the shorter more tufted habit, reddish colouring, a tendency to pronounced whiskering and valuable variability.
The crossing of these two plants results in the garden pansy, V. x wittrockiana and the plants tend to be annuals, biennials or short-lived perennials which become straggly in their second year. Just for the record, violas are derived from crossing the garden pansy with other species, in particular V. cornuta, while violettas are basically dwarf forms of violas with no whiskers and a noticeable scent. Both are good perennials, most have a neat, compact habit.
Development of the heartsease began in the early years of the nineteenth century with large flowers and especially attractive colour combinations being selected. Although basically annual plants, like a number of other annuals they could also be increased from cuttings and this was the way in which selected forms were perpetuated.
It was not until 1859 that James Grieve, who gave his name to the well-known apple, crossed the selected forms of heartsease with V. lutea. From then on developments proceeded rapidly. Both for bedding and as a florist's flower for shows the numbers of pansies grew and grew.
The florist's varieties are very much a minority interest these days and for most people it's seed raised varieties which immediately spring to mind.
By 1900 the T&M seed catalogue was listing 20 varieties, including mixtures of seed saved from the best show varieties - which should have produced some interesting though unpredictable results. Even at this early stage a 'black' pansy ('fine dark purple variety, almost black') called 'Faust' was listed.
Twenty-four varieties were listed in 1954, again including seed from show varieties plus 'King of the Blacks' and a number such as 'Roggli Giants' and 'Coronation Gold' which were still listed in 1991.
Seed of show varieties had vanished by the time the 1991 catalogue from T&M was issued but it listed 42 varieties in all, including an improved version of 'King of the Blacks' called 'T&M's Black Pansy'.
Pansies for summer
For many years pansies were sown in summer for flowering in the spring. The first change was a tendency for them to be sown in the spring and grown as summer bedding plants. But in recent years there has also been a trend to growing them for winter flowering outdoors.
With such a vast array of varieties already grown as summer flowers and so few suitable for spring, it seems perverse to attempt to convert one of the very best spring flowers into a summer bedder.
And it must be said that while all pansies will provide a fine show in spring from a sowing the previous year, there are many which will not thrive in the drier, hotter summer conditions. So why bother? Why not simply grow them for spring when they can be relied on to perform well?
But if you must grow summer pansies, the 'Imperial' series with their very large flowers in some stunning colour combinations are the ones to go for.
Pansies for winter
Winter flowering pansies have received a great deal of publicity in recent years but there have been varieties of this sort listed for many years, 'Celestial Queen' was the name in vogue in the late 1950s. In the 1970s and 1980s the names 'Winter Flowered Mixed' and 'Hiemalis' crop up in more than one catalogue. Generally these were all varieties which produced a few flowers in the autumn, a few flowers in mild spells in winter then started their main display early in the spring though 'Hiemalis' was more genuinely winter flowering but with small flowers.
From 1979 the massive promotion of the 'Universal' pansies as a genuine winter flowering variety increased people's awareness of the idea and posters showing them flowering in the snow fostered the idea that they really did flower all winter. This was something of an illusion. They tended to provide a good flush of flower in the autumn but only a few during the winter. Some colours performed better than others, and there was a great deal of variation in the habit of the plants, some being very straggly.
In some trials where 'Universal' pansies were not entered varieties like 'Reveille' were seen to do well and many people began to wonder if the very effective promotion of the 'Universals' rather over-emphasised their qualities (stronger words were often used!).
Other winter varieties soon began to appear but it wasn't until this year at Springfield Gardens at Spalding in Lincolnshire that a comprehensive trial of winter pansies was organised.
The plants were assessed on December 5 1990 and then on March 20 and April 16 1991. The head gardener at Springfields reported that few flowers were produced in the winter months .
Marks were awarded for 'flower power', colour uniformity, mixture balance, plant habit and general health and winners were announced for the best mixture and the best varieties in 16 separate colours. The winner for the best mixture was 'Favourite', a French variety which also did well in several of the separate colour categories.
The full results were as follows:
- Mixed: 'Favourite Mixed'
- Pure white: 'Favourite White'
- White with blotch: 'Ice Queen Blue with Blotch'
- Blue and white: 'Ice Queen Blue with White Flag'
- Light blue: 'Reveille Mid Blue'
- Dark blue: 'Challenge Deep Blue'
- Blue with blotch: 'Universal Blue Blotch'
- Purple and violets: 'Universal Violet'
- Reds and red blotches: 'Favourite Red Blotch'
- Roses and rose blotches: 'Favourite Rose Blotch'
- Pink shades: 'Ultima Pink Shades'
- Redwings/red on yellows: 'Rock Yellow and Red'
- Oranges and apricots: 'Spring Fiesta Orange'
- Mixed red shades: 'Ultima Love'
- Primrose: 'Universal Primrose'
- Yellow with blotch: 'Universal Yellow Blotch'
- Pure yellow: 'Favourite Yellow'
The most striking thing about this list of winners is not that the 'Universals' have failed to live up to their extravagant promotion but that so few of the winners are even available to home gardeners.
The other main trend has been towards unusual colours and colour combinations and there has been quite an influx of these in recent years. They can be broken down into those in the familiar patterns but with unusual colours and those in completely new patterns.
Varieties with red or pink blotches are very striking and those like 'Imperial Silver Princess' in white with a whiskered red blotch and 'Imperial Gold Princess' in deep yellow with a red blotch have become more widely grown but these F1 hybrids can be more expensive and perhaps the most popular of this type is 'Love Duet' in shades of white, cream and palest pink with a pink blotch - they're less expensive but more variable.
Pansies with a much more distinctive and more complicated face rather than a simple blotch have been introduced in recent years like 'Joker Light Blue' is the most distinctive, it has a tiny yellow eye at the centre of a dark blue, cat-faced blotch, this is surrounded by' a white butterfly shape and then the whole surrounded by a band of pale blue. This F2 hybrid is rather variable and the F1 'Maxim Marina' is similar but more stable. 'Joker Viola Gold' is similar in purple and orange but 'Jolly Joker' is deep purple with a very large, rather variable orange blotch.
The other main group are those in which the flower is almost entirely dark with a pale rim to each petal. 'Rippling Waters' is deep purple with a narrow off-white border, 'Brunig' is deep mahogany with a gold rim. These too can be variable but at their best are very striking , and still available today.
One other that needs mentioning is 'Delft', a very unusual and striking combination. The lower three petals are creamy yellow with a little fine whiskering while the upper two petals are blue with a creamy edge. Very choice.
Pansies in the garden
Pansies are ideal for a temporary spring display either in beds or containers. A hanging basket planted solely with pansies is very effective and they trail over the edge of window boxes without hanging down too far. Dwarf and medium sized bulbs like the daintier daffodils, grape hyacinths and species tulips are ideal companions.
In larger containers they can be used as an edging to taller plants like wallflowers or tall forget-me-nots and the bulbs used can be a shade taller and more substantial.
But perhaps the best way to use pansies, especially those with the more interesting colour combinations is on their own in a broad rather flat container. They can be displayed on the patio or near the door where you can see them and will provide a long spell of intriguing colours.
In mixed borders pansies fit in quite well, few except the very brightest like the orange 'Padparadja' look out of place amongst perennials. They can either be slipped in wherever you feel the need of a little spring colour or you can leave spaces for small groups, which can be replaced with choice annuals for the summer.
Raising pansies
Pansies are not difficult to raise from seed. For autumn planting to flower in spring, seed can be sown at any time from May to early July. A soil-less compost is suitable but should have extra perlite added if you suspect the drainage may be poor. Cover thinly with vermiculite and place in a temperature of 59-65F (15-18C) to germinate. High temperatures and fluctuating moisture levels are the most likely causes of failure.
Prick out the seedlings when they are large enough to handle using a similar compost. They can either go into trays or I use 7cm square pots; early sowings may appreciate 9cm pots. The plants can grow on in a frame until the September when they will be ready for planting. For containers and for hanging baskets in particular, planting in early spring is often more successful. In this case a later sowing is suitable, August or September, and the seedlings should be pricked out into 9cm pots and grown through the winter in a cold frame before planting up in early March. They should only be covered in severe weather.
If you should wish to grow them for summer flowering, sow the seed in March and raise them like summer bedding.
Pansies suffer from few problems. Aphids are the most common and a regular spray with a suitable insecticide will see them off. Slugs can cause problems in wet seasons but perhaps the thing that causes the most disquiet is leaf spot. Brown or white spots occur on the foliage but a cure is difficult to achieve, spraying with Dithane 945 or a similar fungicide will help stop further spread.
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Martin Roche
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Bedding Plants
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